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Studies indicated that experiences of felt stigma, such
as self-stigma, isolation and rejection from relationships
and valued communities, lack of emotional support and
accurate information, and conflicts between multiple
identities and between values and attractions, played
a role in creating distress in individuals (Bartoli &
Gillem, 2008; Beckstead & Morrow, 2004; Coyle &
Rafalin, 2000; Glassgold, 2008; Haldeman, 2004; Herek,
2009; Mahaffy, 1996; Mark, 2008; Ponticelli, 1999;
Wolkomir, 2001; Yip, 2000, 2002, 2005). Consequently,
an essential focus of treatment is mitigating the
negative mental health consequences of minority stress
from stigma resulting from age, gender, gender identity,
race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual
orientation, disability, language, and socioeconomic
status (Brown, 2006; Cochran & Mays, 2006; Herek,
2009; Herek & Garnets, 2007; Mays & Cochran,
2001; Russell & Bohan, 2007). For instance, although
many religious individuals’ desired to live their lives
consistently with their values, primarily their religious
values, we concluded that telic congruence grounded
in self-stigma and shame was unlikely to result in
psychological well-being (Beckstead & Morrow, 2004;
Glassgold, 2008; Gonsiorek, 2004; Haldeman, 2004;
Mark, 2008; Shidlo & Schroeder, 2002).

The literature indicated that most of the individuals
who are extremely distressed about their same-sex
sexual orientation and who are interested in SOCE have
conservative religious beliefs. A first step to addressing
the conflicts regarding faith and sexual orientation is a
thorough assessment of clients’ spiritual and religious
beliefs, religious identity and motivations, and spiritual
functioning (Exline, 2002; Hathaway, Scott, & Garver,
2004; Pargament et al., 2005). This helps the LMHP
understand how the current dilemmas impact clients’
spiritual functioning (and vice versa) and assess
resources for growth and renewal.

China's psychiatric association is removing homosexuality from its list of mental illnesses in a new diagnostic manual due out this year, the group's vice president said today.

The 8,000-member association has concluded that homosexuality is not a perversion, the vice president, Dr. Chen Yanfang, said.

"Many homosexuals lead perfectly normal lives," he said.

The change comes after five years of study by the association, Dr. Chen said. He said its evidence included a study published in 1999 that followed the daily lives of 51 Chinese gays and lesbians for one year.

"We found only six had emotional disorders," he said.